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Bottom Line

News from Seattle's Office of Economic Development

Mayor Durkan Issues Emergency Order to Implement Temporary Citywide Curfew Tonight from 9 p.m. to 5 a.m., Continuing Daily Until Saturday Morning

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Mayor Jenny Durkan discusses the protests and police accountability at a press conference June 2 |Seattle Channel on YouTube

Mayor Jenny Durkan today signed an Emergency Order to place a temporary citywide curfew from 9 p.m. to 5 a.m., each night between Tuesday, June 2 through Saturday June 6. During these hours, residents and visitors should remain in their home to the extent possible and should refrain from traveling in and through the entire City of Seattle.

The curfew is intended to prevent violence and widespread property damage, and to prevent the further community spread of COVID-19 through continued gathering. The City encourages all residents to sign up for Alert Seattle to receive notifications about the curfew directly to their mobile device.  

The curfew enhances community safety

“Speaking with protesters today and hearing the voices of community, demonstrations can and should safely continue to speak out against injustice. This conversation and social movement must continue,” said Mayor Durkan. “At the recommendation of Chief Carmen Best, a curfew is critical that we protect their ability to peacefully protest and we believe this new curfew time will allow us to keep these protesters and the community at large safe.”  

Seattle Police Chief Carmen Best describes the recent events and curfew extension | Seattle Channel on You Tube

“The right to free speech is something we all honor and cherish as Americans.  Meeting with community members and demonstrators today who came together to express their grief, anger, and frustration about the murder of George Floyd was a reminder of how important the first amendment is,” said Chief Carmen Best.  “I do not take the implementation of a curfew lightly, but I believe it is necessary—it’s a tool that helps us ensure public safety. We ask that residents who want to gather, continue to do so peacefully.” 

The Mayor implemented a citywide curfew on Saturday, May 30 as pockets of demonstrations quickly escalated downtown and in surrounding neighborhoods, and fires proliferated. The Seattle Fire Department (SFD) was temporarily unable to safely access multiple fire incidents. The Seattle Police Department (SPD) has made zero arrests for curfew violation, and it will continue to be primarily used as a tool to encourage crowds to voluntarily disperse and keep streets and roads accessible for first responders to reach emergencies.  

Keep up-to-date on travel with our transportation partners

All residents should keep in mind impacts to roads and transit service could make it more difficult to get home. The City encourages residents to follow @kcmetrobus, @SoundTransit, @SDOTtraffic, and @wsdot_traffic on Twitter for updates on transit service and road closures. King County Metro and Sound Transit are both operating at reduced services because of COVID-19, so residents should check updated schedules regularly.  

The City hopes that with additional notice, businesses and residents can plan accordingly for curfews over the next three days. The City is continuing to broadcast information about the curfew early and often, in multiple languages.  

Curfew exceptions

The temporary curfew does not impact people who need to commute to work during these hours, people experiencing homelessness, people in a medical emergency or people in a dangerous situation, first responders, health care workers, and the news media. In addition, the curfew does not require businesses to close while it is in effect, though businesses may close at their choosing.  

Residents can find a Frequently Asked Questions document regarding the temporary curfews here.  

Mayor Durkan Announces Curfew on Saturday and Sunday to Protect Health and Safety of Residents

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Seattle Fire Chief Harold Scoggins, Mayor Jenny Durkan, and Assistant SPD Chief Lesley Cordner at a press conference on May 30, 2020

Update June 1: Mayor Jenny A. Durkan has extended the citywide curfew order effective Monday from 6:00 p.m. to Tuesday 5:00 a.m. The original order was announced as part of a civil emergency on Saturday, May 30.

Yesterday, community members across Seattle came together to grieve, to protest and to commit themselves to the cause of justice. Coming together is a right we all honor and cherish. For hours, individuals marched and gathered peacefully. They grieved and built community that is so necessary during these trying times.

However, late in the afternoon, some demonstrations swiftly turned violent and led to multiple fires being intentionally set downtown.  In response, Mayor Jenny A. Durkan announced a 5:00 p.m. curfew effective for Saturday, May 30 and Sunday, May 31. The curfew will be in effect from 5:00 pm – 5:00 am. During those hours residents and visitors are asked not to travel in and through downtown Seattle.  

This temporary curfew is intended to preserve the safety of our residents by keeping our streets safe and accessible for essential workers and first responders and preventing the further spread of COVID-19. 

The temporary curfew does not impact people who 

  1. need to commute to work during these hours, 
  2. are experiencing homelessness, 
  3. are  in a medical emergency or a dangerous situation. 

The curfew does not require businesses to close, and it will not alter public transit. 

The Mayor asks all residents and visitors to voluntarily follow the curfew. The City does not intend to enforce the curfew, except for violations that result in public health and safety threats.

Governors Inslee has also authorized the deployment of 200 members of the National Guard to support the City’s response. They will be unarmed and support the protection of infrastructure, traffic flow and crowd management. 

For more information please visit http://durkan.seattle.gov

Frequently Asked Questions

Does the curfew apply throughout the entire City of Seattle?  

Yes. The Mayor’s Proclamation of Civil Emergency and the accompanying curfew applies to the entire city limits. 

When does the curfew apply? 

The new curfew order is  effective between the hours of from 6:00 p.m. on Monday, June 1 and ends at 5:00 a.m. on Tuesday, June 2. During the curfew hours, residents should refrain from traveling in and through Seattle. 

Will there be additional curfews on other days?

Depending on how events unfold, there may be additional days that the curfew may be effective. Protecting the health and safety of our community is the highest priority for the City. 

How will the curfew be enforced? 

The Mayor and Chiefs ask all residents and visitors to voluntarily abide by the curfew. The City does not intend to enforce the curfew, except for violations that result in public health and safety threats including fires, extensive property damage, and violence.

What should I do during the curfew? 

You should remain in your residence and adhere to the curfew to help protect the safety of our community. You should not travel on any public streets, alley, or roadways or to any public place. The curfew is necessary to prevent fires, widespread property damage, and violence in the City, and is being imposed in order to protect Seattle residents.   

I’m scheduled to work during the curfew. Can I still travel to today go to work? Can my employees still report to work during the curfew?

Yes, people are allowed to travel to and from work during the curfew.

I use public transportation, or a ride-hailing app, for transportation. Am I allowed to use those during the curfew? 

Yes, you can use public transportation like Metro, Sound Transit or a ride-hailing app like Lyft or Uber, to travel during the curfew hours, except no person is allowed in public places when the curfew is in effect. These methods of transportation will continue to operate unless circumstances require them to be closed to protect public health and safety.

Are businesses required to close during the curfew?  

The curfew does not require essential businesses to close. However, essential businesses will not be allowed to have customers during the curfew hours. Due to safety concerns and risks business owners are strongly encouraged to secure their place of business and stay in a safe place. 

What if I need to go to the hospital or urgent care clinic during the curfew?  

You are allowed to seek emergency and urgent medical care during the curfew.

I am experiencing homelessness and don’t have a place to go inside. How does the curfew apply to me? 

People experiencing homelessness are not impacted by the curfew. However, the City does ask those living unsheltered to help protect the safety of the community by voluntarily restricting their travel in public places during the curfew.    

Are there other exemptions from the curfew? 

The curfew does not apply to law enforcement, fire fighters, military personnel, emergency personnel, medical personnel, City and government officials with valid identification, or members of the news media authorized in advance by the Office of the Mayor or the Chief of Seattle Police Department or their designee.

What if I want to patrol or protect my neighborhood and local businesses? 

During this time of rioting, violence, and widespread property destruction, please stay home and abide by the curfew. Connect with your neighbors via call or text. If you are checking on your business or working at a business, please be aware of your surroundings at all times and call 9-1-1 if you fear for your safety. 

Why is the National Guard being deployed?

Mayor Durkan and Chief of Police Carmen Best submitted a request to the State Emergency Operations Center for 200 unarmed National Guard personnel. The request has been granted by Governor Inslee. National Guard members will not be armed and only assist with protecting infrastructure and traffic and crowd management. Their primary role is help with safe movement of people ensuring that people have the right to peacefully demonstrate. We expect some members to deploy this evening.

Has anyone been arrested for violating the curfew?

No, the Seattle Police Department has made zero arrests related to the curfew since it was established on Saturday, May 30. Our intention with the curfew is to educate and encourage voluntary compliance, not enforcement. The goal of the curfew is to keep people safe and healthy.

Neighborhood Business Districts Webinar on Supporting Businesses

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SDOT Flickr | Photo by Jeanne Clark

On Thursday, May 21, the Only in Seattle (OIS) team hosted a webinar with neighborhood business districts and partners to provide relevant and timely information for small businesses. The OIS team coordinates with Seattle’s neighborhood business districts to provide resources for community stakeholders, businesses, property owners, and local organizations to achieve economic development outcomes determined by the community.

In response to COVID-19, the OIS team continues to work with business districts and community partners to provide resources and improve language access for small businesses. In this webinar, Michael Wells and Jennifer Tam from the Small Business Development Team provided an update on Governor Inslee’s “Safe Start” phased reopening plan and resources for small businesses.

Neighborhood peer sharing focused on feedback business districts are hearing from businesses, top questions or concerns businesses have, and strategies businesses have adopted during the pandemic. Participants voiced the need for clear, simplified information and guidelines for re-opening that is both visual and translated. Other key topics discussed include customer education, new social behaviors due to the pandemic, technology barriers for businesses, and public safety.

Strategies that were shared by neighborhood business district partners include: 

  • Visuals and photos showing examples of compliance and guidance 
  • Continued assistance for businesses (in language) from OED into recovery phases 
  • Creative use of public spaces to allow businesses to engage in public realm  
  • E Commerce platforms and web-based strategies to help businesses 
  • Continued focus on takeout and delivery during Phase 2 
  • Buying gift cards and using them creatively, e.g. membership, giveaways, community building 
  • Extend commercial eviction moratorium and support businesses with lease/ space issues. 

Partnerships and tools to support business district recovery projects were also discussed during the webinar. Design Elements Inc. (DEI) Principal + Creative Director Sarah Greene shared their Support Local platform to create an online neighborhood marketplace. Support Local currently works with Ballard, Pioneer Square, and Capitol Hill on local online marketplaces to help businesses provide convenient online shopping experiences.  Zeacon Chief of Staff Rich Kim shared a model for experiential commerce. This includes partnerships with small businesses to create virtual experiences, as well as larger virtual community and fundraising events. 

OIS will conduct business district webinars every 2-3 weeks answering questions and concerns businesses may have. Previous webinars include public safety and connecting businesses to resources. If there’s a topic or a question that neighborhood business districts would like to cover in a future webinar, please email Heidi Hall, Heidi.Hall@seattle.gov.

5.21 Webinar Powerpoint Slides
5.21 Neighborhood Business District Webinar Notes
DEI Support Local Presentation
Zeacon Presentation

Resources Roundup: May 28, 2020

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Local business Dick’s Drive In has adapted to the Stay Home, Stay Healthy Order | Photo by Niki Seligman

The City of Seattle’s Office of Economic Development (OED) is committed to keeping you updated about new developments in these evolving times. In this weekly blog, we’ll provide you with news and information about new policies and resources available from the City of Seattle, the State of Washington, the federal government, and our private and philanthropic partners.

City News & Resources 

City Partners to Help Small Businesses and Nonprofits Impacted by COVID-19 Renegotiate Their Commercial Leases 

Close up of woman's hands holding sign now we are open support local business.

Office of Economic Development (OED) has partnered with Communities Rise and Perkins Coie to launch a new toolkit to help small businesses and nonprofit organizations impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic explore options for their commercial leases with a goal of remaining in their spaces.

Building on the eviction moratorium for small businesses and nonprofits signed by Mayor Durkan, the new COVID-19 Lease Amendment Toolkit provides a suite of tools – including template lease amendment language – to assist small businesses and nonprofits who are navigating the negotiation of their commercial leases with their landlords. S

Small businesses and nonprofits that have 50 or fewer employees are also eligible for a free60-minute consultation with a legal professional to assist with any COVID-19 commercial lease-related questions. Businesses and nonprofits can access the toolkit here.  

MyNorthwest recently covered this new initiative and other ways OED is supporting small businesses.

Image from My Northwest headline

Click here to read MyNorthwest’s coverage of our new partnership. 

Mayor Durkan Launches “Seattle Protects” Online Marketplace to Connect Businesses in Need of Cloth Face Coverings 

Man selling produce at a farmer's market stand with face covering
University District Farmer’s Market vendor | Photo by Annie Tran

Public Health – Seattle & King County announced a health directive for all workers and residents to wear cloth face coverings in all indoor public settings and outdoor public spaces where maintaining social distancing could be difficult. The directive took effect on May 18, 2020. The City heard from many small business owners who were struggling to source face coverings and other Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for their employees. That’s why the City created Seattle Protects, which is a new online marketplace to connect local manufacturers with organizations, businesses, nonprofits, community groups, and individuals in need of cloth face coverings.

Seattle-region manufacturers interested in joining the Seattle Protects marketplace must fill out this application and manufacture masks in accordance with vetted specifications to be considered.

Read more about this initiative here. If you have questions about the new countywide face covering directive, please visit kingcounty.gov/masks.

Business Impact Survey: We want to hear from you! 

Business owner sitting on stool with pen in her hand and computer on desk.

OED released the second round of the COVID-19 Business Impact Survey on May 7. The first round of the survey received over 2,000 responses from businesses, nonprofits and independent workers in Seattle. This established baseline profile data of businesses, nonprofits, and independent workers and captured the initial impacts of COVID-19 on our economy.

Now, we’re asking all businesses, nonprofits and independent workers participate in the second of three total rounds of the survey to share impacts COVID-19 has had on your business. The survey is open to those that participated in round one and those that did not. As a thank you for participating in the survey, OED is randomly selecting five participants to win a $50 gift card redeemable through the Intentionalist’s Gift Card Market Place for each round of the survey.

Complete the Business Impact Survey by May 21. Your voice will help inform our short and long-term strategies to help the economy.

Cultural & Creative Workforce Development Internship Opportunities 

Northwest Folklife, in collaboration with the Office of Economic Development and the Office of Arts and Culture, has developed a pilot program providing paid internships to Seattle’s young creatives. These internships range between 12-24 weeks long and provide opportunities for hands-on training in creative fields. This program is designed to foster creativity and create networked connections among artists.  

All internship duties will be completed remotely to adhere to the Governor’s stay at home orders.  

Interested candidates should send an introductory statement describing their interest in no more than two paragraphs, provide creative content they have created (if available), and complete the  Creative Force Intern Intake form. Please email all content to internships@nwfolklife.org.  

OED Small Business Webinar 

We hold webinars for small businesses impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic every other Wednesday from 11 a.m. – 12 p.m. Webinar presenters cover timely and relevant small business-related topics, and include time for questions and answers.  

Find resources from our May 20 webinar – including PowerPoint slides, notes, and a recording here, and register for the June 3 webinar here.   

State of Washington News and Resources 

Photo of Mountain with lake and trees in the foreground.
Near Deming, WA | Photo by Leslie Ellis on Unsplash

Support for Accessing Unemployment  

Do you work with Washingtonians who need support accessing benefits like unemployment insurance? Resources designed to help non-profits and community partners who are assisting people with limited English proficiency, disabilities, limited internet or other access needs can be found here.  

 Unemployment Fraud 

Be aware of unemployment fraud. Scammers are using social security numbers to fraudulently collect Unemployment Insurance. In response, the Washington State Employment Security Department will now place a brief, 1-2 day hold on all benefit payments to validate their authenticity. The department is also requiring authentication from customers filing claims. Read more in this May 18 ESD update. 

To find out about what you can do if you suspect someone has filed for unemployment benefits fraudulently in your name, visit ESD’s fraud webpage. 

Federal Resources 

Paycheck Protection Program

Paycheck Protection Program Application with sticky note that says "PPP Loan Apply Now"

Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) Loans for small businesses are still available, and if you haven’t already applied for one, this is a very good time to do it. These loans help small businesses address financial challenges related to COVID-19. They provide salary replacement and funds for certain business operating expenses. If spent in accordance with guidelines, these loans can be fully forgiven. The deadline to apply is June 30, 2020. 

The Office of Economic Development is here to help answer your questions and navigate the process of applying for PPP loans. OED continues to offer FREE assistance to small businesses and nonprofits with their PPP loan and loan forgiveness applications and has bilingual interpretation. Contact OED directly at 206-684-8090 or oed@seattle.gov to access this technical assistance.

PPP Loan Forgiveness Application 

SBA and the Department of Treasury recently released the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) Loan Forgiveness Application and instructions to inform borrowers on how to apply for forgiveness of the PPP loans. Additional regulations and guidance to assist borrowers will be announced. Stay up to date on all SBA announcements here.   

PPP Loan Forgiveness Webinar 

Do you have questions about how to qualify for PPP loan forgiveness, or how to fill out the application? If so, tune into this NDC webinar, “Review of the PPP Loan Forgiveness Application” TODAY — Thursday, May 28 — from 10-11:30 a.m..  

Webinar topics will include: 

  • An overview of documentation required. 
  • A review of eligible expense for possible loan forgiveness, what is a payroll vs. non-payroll expense? 
  • The process to calculate the amount of forgiveness and how to determine the maximum amount of possible forgiveness. 
  • Q&A to address your specific needs. 

You can register for the webinar here. 

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#SupportSeattleSmallBiz Spotlight: Sharif Grocery & Halal Supports Essential Workers During Ramadan

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Entrance to Sharif’s Grocery from Rainier Ave S | Photo Credit: Annie Tran 

Ramadan is celebrated during the ninth month of the Islamic calendar and is observed by Muslims around the world. This is a time of fasting, prayer, and self-reflection. On May 23, Muslim residents in Seattle will join the global Muslim community for Eid al-Fitr to celebrate the “festival of breaking the fast,” marking the end of Ramadan.  

Usually this time of year, grocery stores selling Halal meats—meats that meet Islamic dietary restriction standards—are packed.  Located in South Seattle, Sharif Grocery & Halal is the largest Halal meat wholesaler in Washington state. Sharif’s Grocery also sells other items including spices from around the world, houseware goods, and ornate rugs imported from Turkey.  

Spices and rugs Sharif Grocery offers| Photo Credit: Annie Tran 

Fardowsa Salad has worked as the manager of Sharif Grocery & Halal for 11 years. But this year, Fardowsa says, “it’s completely different from other Ramadans.”

During Ramadan, customers typically purchase not only Halal meats but also household items like rugs, furniture, and decorative curtains to prepare their homes to welcome family and guests who gather to celebrate. 

Curtains stowed away in the upstairs of Sharif’s Grocery | Photo Credit: Annie Tran 

Once the COVID-19 pandemic began, Fardowsa says she noticed purchases from their regular clientele decline. The ‘Stay Home, Stay Healthy’ order has eliminated the ability to host large community gatherings and celebrations.

As a result, patrons have changed their spending habits from home decorations and household items to just the essentials like food. “People will buy (items), but not anywhere near what they used to,” says Fardowsa. “Usually for Ramadan people cook a lot, but since we are not gathering, they are not buying decorations. They might think that it’s not important.” The disruption of COVID-19 on traditional shopping habits and priorities for this year’s celebration has left the store with inventory they have paid for but won’t be able to sell as originally anticipated.  

Fardowsa giving a tour of the decorative items they offer | Photo Credit: Annie Tran 

Despite challenges with moving inventory, Bile Yusef, owner of Sharif’s Grocery, decided to find ways to give back to his community since COVID-19 has created an unusual and difficult Ramadan this year. He and the staff began gifting each customer a bag of rice with their purchase—totaling more than 600 bags to community shoppers.  

Fardowsa distributing bags of rice to customers |Photo Credit: Mohamud Yussef 

In addition to giving back to the community, the grocery store staff have implemented new protocols to protect the health and safety of customers and employees. 

Fardowsa says they include, “a box of gloves for customers, and painting the floor with stickers that say six-feet distance.” She acknowledges that enforcing the rules can be a challenge at times, but says, “we let customers know nicely.” Fardowsa mentions that they also try to limit large groups of families from entering the store at once. Families are asked to keep children and other adults in the car to allow only one person per family to shop at a time. 

Signage to remind customers to stay six-feet apart and to use gloves when accessing items | Photo Credit: Annie Tran

As an essential worker, Fardowsa worries about her potential exposure to COVID-19, given how regularly she interacts with customers. She’s especially concerned about the health and safety of her family and says, “I don’t want to be the issue for someone being sick.” Fardowsa stresses the importance of following the guidelines of social distancing within the store since the small grocery can get busy during this time with customers  coming in rushes to shop for Ramadan.  

Customer purchasing items from the Sharif store clerk | Photo Credit: Annie Tran  

In an attempt to keep the community informed on the latest Public Health Guidance, the store offers translated information to keep patrons and employees safe. Public-Health Seattle & King County provides business owners guidance on how to safely operate their establishments according to the Governor’s phased re-opening plan, with information available in 13 languages. 

On May 11, King County announced its latest directive for the public to wear face coverings in indoor public settings—including businesses and grocery stores. This new directive presented a challenge to grocers and businesses owners in need of securing face coverings for their employees. In response, the City recently developed “Seattle Protects”, an online marketplace that connects local manufacturers with organizations, businesses, nonprofits, community groups, and individuals in need of cloth face coverings. 

COVID-19’s impact goes beyond new public health protocols or shopping habits. The ‘Stay Home, Stay Healthy’ order has impacted Fardowsa and so many other’s ability to gather with friends and family, or even go to a Mosque.  

Although the response to COVID-19 has required adjustments to how the grocery store operates and how Fardowsa and others celebrate the ending of Ramadan during Eid, Fardowsa remains grateful for the support and help from customers and others during this challenging time.  

As many in our community celebrate the end of Ramadan this weekend, in addition to other observances such as Memorial Day, we encourage everyone to remember and thank our essential workers like Fardowsa and so many others.  

Small Business COVID-19 Weekly Webinar: 5/20/20

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OED is committed to supporting our small businesses as we work together to mitigate the economic impacts of COVID-19.

Our weekly webinars are transitioning to every other week. In these webinars, we will hear about the impacts you are experiencing and answer your questions. Please join us for our next webinar on June 3, 2020 from 11:00 a.m.- 12:00 p.m. Register for the webinars here.

A recording of each webinar will automatically be sent to those who registered.

Highlights of our May 20 session included:

  • COVID-19 Public Health update​s
  • ​Resources for Commercial Tenants: Commercial Lease Toolkit
  • “Seattle Protects” Marketplace launch
  • SBA Funding Updates

Below are links from our May 20 webinar (please note: you must register for the webinar in order to listen to the recording).

Please continue to monitor this blog for updated information from the Office of Economic Development. We’re all in this together! #SeattleTogether

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National Maritime Day Spotlight: For A Young Woman, A Life on the Water Leads to A Career in Maritime Engineering

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Allison Demmert works with her father, Dave “Guy” Demmert, repairing belts on a power skiff engine | Photo courtesy of Allison Demmert

Allison Demmert grew up in Edmonds. But in her teens and twenties, she spent her summers in Alaska, salmon fishing on her father’s boat—a long-held tradition for Allison’s native Southeast Alaska family. She performed nearly every job on the boat, including working on deck, operating machinery, navigating, driving the power skiff, performing basic maintenance, and cooking.

The Demmert family’s 58′ seiner, originally run by Allison’s grandfather and now owned by her father | Photo courtesy of Allison Demmert

Allison enjoyed the work so much that she kept at it for 15 years after graduating from high school in 2004 and Seattle Pacific University in 2007.

New opportunities through the Seattle Maritime Academy

Even after spending so many summers salmon fishing, the one place she didn’t know well was the engine room. Allison explains that she finally decided that if she wanted to run her own boat someday, she’d need to know “what’s going on from top to bottom.” With this goal in mind, she enrolled during 2017-18 in the Seattle Maritime Academy’s year-long engineering program. The program fit her needs perfectly; it was condensed and included an internship component, which gave her plenty of hands-on training.

Two of Western Towboat’s tugs | Photo by Allison Demmert

Allison landed an internship at Western Towboat in October 2018, which turned into a full-time position. She’s grateful that the company gave her time off to study and apply for a Designated Duty Engineering license, which she received in early 2019. Today, she’s sailing as a Chief Engineer helping the company pull barges to Alaska.

Running barges to Southeast Alaska and Prince William Sound

On the boat near Whittier, Alaska | Photo by Allison Demmert

Western Towboat’s biggest customer is Alaska Marine Lines, which sends two freight barges of cargo to SE Alaska and one combination freight and rail barge to Whittier, Alaska each week. The 420-foot combination barge starts at the Alaska Marine Lines (AML) yard on the Duwamish River and is pulled, by two harbor assist tugs, up the river and through the Spokane St. Swing Bridge. It then docks at the railroad loading dock at Pier 15 ½, at the end of Harbor Island in Elliott Bay, to load cargo that includes rail cars and shipping containers.

From there, the 130-foot, 5,000-horsepower Western Towboat tug picks up the barge and they make the week-long — or longer, depending on weather — voyage to Whittier, Alaska, carrying rail cars and cargo containers with everything from building materials to food, paper products, vehicles, and chemicals.

View of the barge from the tug deck | Photo by Allison Demmert

Since the barges carry essential food like fresh produce to remote regions of Alaska, many of the shipping containers include temperature control capability and are inspected regularly to ensure everything is functioning properly. Visiting the barge to check refrigerant levels and other mechanical features of these containers is one of Allison’s key onboard duties.

Engineering responsibilities aboard the tug

Inside the immaculately clean engine room of a Western Towboat tug | Photo by Allison Demmert

While onboard the tug, Allison says that her main job is to “stand watch in the engine room,” monitoring gauges and listening for abnormal sounds. She’s constantly vigilant; “I have to use my eyes and ears to make sure everything is running like it’s supposed to,” she explains. Open communication and “constant dialogue” with the captain are also a significant part of her job. She keeps the captain informed so there are no surprises.

Should anything malfunction, it’s Allison’s job to fix it, and they have spare components onboard. Small pumps periodically develop leaks and fuel filters get dirty, and this constitutes much of the routine maintenance. Allison tops off fluids regularly and keeps a log of potential problems. In the rare event that she runs into a more serious problem onboard, she can call and consult one of the company’s port engineers.

Transporting goods back to Seattle

Loading scrap metal in Campbell River, British Columbia | Photo by Allison Demmert

On return trips, the barge is typically loaded with things like rail cars full of scrap metal and full containers of processed fish. The Alaskan fish are processed in canneries that are a key industry for Alaskan coastal towns. The barge docks back at Alaska Marine Lines’ facility, is offloaded, and the fish is then distributed to grocery stores and restaurants around our region. It’s also loaded onto trains for transport across the country.

Onshore support

Working at the shipyard in Seattle | Photo courtesy of Allison Demmert

Western Towboat builds and repairs its own boats at its full-service Seattle shipyard, where Allison occasionally works when she’s not on a trip to Alaska. She enjoys being part of a well-integrated ship-to-shore team because, “I don’t have to figure it all out by myself.”

The shipyard is a good place to learn new skills and she appreciates the interaction with other mechanics in the company. “It’s incredible what they do,” she says. “They have a lot of highly skilled people who stay on the beach” who can, if needed, “swap out an engine in two days’ turnaround time.”

A woman in a traditionally male-dominated field

Allison aboard her father’s fishing boat, where she learned skills she still relies on today | Photo courtesy of Allison Demmert

Asked about how it works being a woman in the predominantly male field of marine engineering, Allison laughs and describes how when she first started out, other mechanics and engineers in her network had heard about, but not yet met her. Once when she a attended a training, she heard the comment “Oh, you’re the woman engineer!” Mostly, she says, her male counterparts were just surprised and curious.

While women have made inroads in the fishing industry in recent years – and Allison’s sense of women’s capabilities was shaped by “grow[ing] up alongside daughters of fisherman who are just as tough or tougher than the guys”  — the tugboat industry is different. Very few women work in on tugs.

Allison has been working with men all her life, including during training at the Seattle Maritime Academy | Photo by Allison Demmert

“The first few months,” she reports, “I had to reestablish myself all over again.” What helped her build credibility with her new peers, she says, is “the history. I had worked on boats.” She believes her openness, communication skills, and willingness to ask for help have also facilitated the process of earning respect from the men she works with. She’s eager to learn and strives to be “a good collaborative teammate” who does her job exceptionally well.

Allison acknowledges that “things still may need to change” for the field of marine engineering to be widely accessible to women. While she has worked with a lot of people who are “totally progressive” and supportive, and she also recognizes that some people still resist the idea of a woman in this line of work. She explains, “I’ve had to make my peace with idea that some people don’t think I belong.”

She’s felt very supported by the captain and shore side staff. While she’s usually “an introvert,” she says that “When I’m on the boat, out of my room, I’m ‘on’ socially…and wanting to be good shipmate and representative of women.”

Looking toward the future

On the barge loaded with cargo | Photo by Allison Demmert

Allison was promoted to the position of primary engineer faster than she expected, in part, she explains, because of her excellent education at the Seattle Maritime Academy and her internship experience. Now, she’s starting to train others, and says she enjoys the “people-oriented” focus. “I love that. It’s really fun for me.” She wants to participate in more vocational skills training and mentorship of those coming up in the field. She also is interested in helping more with big projects in the shipyard when she’s not sailing.

For now, she appreciates the job stability “in an uncertain world,” the opportunities to learn, and the ability to work with new people. Asked what she might do next, she says “I’m open to the future. I might not have one job that I do forever – there are so many interesting jobs out there.” Nevertheless, Allison says, she is her father’s daughter, and whatever that future holds, “I do envision myself working on the water!”

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Resources Roundup: 5/21/20

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A woman in a mask standing in front of a boarded store with a mural painted on the boards that says "Keep Calm, Carry On" and "Keep Going, Keep Growing"
Artist Tori Shao with one of the vibrant murals she’s painted| Photo courtesy of Ballard Alliance

The City of Seattle’s Office of Economic Development (OED) is committed to keeping you updated about new developments in these rapidly changing times. In this weekly blog, we’ll provide you with news and information about new policies and resources available from the City of Seattle, the State of Washington, the federal government, and our private and philanthropic partners.

For a full guide to available resources, please visit our online resources hub at: http://www.seattle.gov/office-of-economic-development/covid-19.

City News and Resources

Selfie photo of two people wearing face coverings
Teresa and Devin Kabanela sport their face coverings | Photo by Devin Kabanela

City Launches Seattle Protects Online Marketplace

On May 11, 2020, Public Health – Seattle & King County announced a new directive instructing King County residents to wear cloth face coverings in all indoor public settings and outdoor settings where physical distancing could be difficult, such as farmers markets.

To support this effort, Mayor Jenny Durkan launched Seattle Protects on May 19. This is a new online marketplace to connect local manufacturers with organizations, businesses, nonprofits, community groups, and individuals in need of cloth face coverings. This initiative is a collaboration between the Seattle Mayor’s Office, OED, and Seattle Information Technology (ITD).

Organizations and businesses interested in purchasing face coverings for their workforce can explore all Seattle Protects manufacturers to find available face coverings that can be customized to meet the needs of their business. Community members also can find manufacturers selling individual face coverings.

Seattle-region manufacturers interested in joining the Seattle Protects marketplace must fill out this application and must manufacture masks in accordance with vetted specifications to be considered.

Read more about this initiative here. If you have questions about the new countywide face covering directive, please visit kingcounty.gov/masks. 

OED’s Economic Impact Survey Deadline Extended to May 29

Image of a notification to take the business impact survey.

OED released the second round of the COVID-19 Business Impact Survey on May 7. The first round of the survey received over 2,000 responses from businesses in Seattle. This established baseline profile data of the businesses, nonprofits, and independent workers and captured the initial impacts of COVID-19 on our region.

Now, we’re calling all businesses, nonprofits and independent workers to participate in a second round of the survey to tell us how COVID-19 has impacted you. If you participated in the first survey, please also participate in round two. Even if you didn’t participate in round one you can still complete the second round. Your voice will help inform our short and long-term strategies to help the economy.

The survey is available in Amharic, Chinese – Traditional, English, Japanese, Korean, Somali, Spanish, and Vietnamese to facilitate participation by diverse businesses.

As a thank you for participating in the survey, OED is randomly selecting five participants to win a $50 gift card redeemable through Intentionalist’s Gift Card Market Place for each round of the survey.

Take the Business Impact Survey by May 29.

OED and Partners Launch Commercial Lease Toolkit to Help Small Businesses and Nonprofits Stay in Their Spaces

Nathan Fahrer of the Perkins Coie law firm talks about renegotiating commercial leases

OED has partnered with Communities Rise and Perkins Coie to launch a new toolkit to help small businesses and nonprofit organizations impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic explore options for their commercial leases with a goal of remaining in their spaces.

Building on the eviction moratorium for small businesses and nonprofits signed by Mayor Durkan, the new COVID-19 Lease Amendment Toolkit for small businesses and nonprofits provides a suite of tools – including template lease amendment language – to assist small businesses and nonprofits who are navigating the negotiation of their commercial leases with their landlords.

Small businesses and nonprofits that have 50 or fewer employees are also eligible for a free, 60-minute consultation with a legal professional to assist with any COVID-19 commercial lease-related questions.

State News and Resources

Unemployment Fraud Alert

Photo of a woman in front of a computer with hands up and a shocked expression.
Many people have been surprised to learn they are victims of unemployment fraud | iStock photo

The City of Seattle is warning all residents that scammers are using other people’s social security numbers to fraudulently collect Unemployment Insurance.

Washington State Employment Security Department is responding by placing a brief, 1-2 day hold on all benefit payments to validate their authenticity. The department is also requiring authentication from customers filing claims. Read more in this May 18 ESD update.

To find out about what you can do if you suspect someone has filed for unemployment benefits fraudulently in your name, visit ESD’s fraud webpage.

Governor’s Safe Start Washington Guidelines

Man with mask in Seattle running store Super Jock 'n Jill
Owner Chet James has been managing curbside pickup for Super Jock ‘n Jill | Photo by Jeanne Clark

Governor Inslee’s office is developing guidelines for gradually reopening Washington’s economy. You can find the Safe Start Washington overview here. To find out more about guidelines issued for specific industries, businesses, and counties to date, visit the Governor’s homepage.

The Employment Security Department has published an Employer FAQ and a Worker FAQ to address common questions as businesses resume operations. The Department of Labor and Industries has published a Paid Sick Leave FAQ. The two agencies worked together to establish a Paid Family and Medical Leave FAQ. Combined, these FAQ address a range of possible scenarios that may unfold as workplaces resume operations.

Washington State Child Care Provider Grants

The Washington State Department of Children, Youth, and Families (DCYF) is offering support to child care providers under the Child Care Development Block Grant’s CARE Act. This support is in the form of a grant to any licensed child care provider in Washington State that is open on the date of the grant release and providing child care. Learn more about the grant and how to apply here.

Free, Temporary Internet Access

The Washington State Department of Commerce is providing free temporary, emergency internet access for Washington residents who do not have broadband service in their homes. The free community Wi-Fi is accessible at hotspot sites across the state. You can find the nearest hotspot site near you at the Washington State Drive-In WiFi Hotspots Location Finder.

Federal Resources

Paycheck Protection Program Loan application with "Approved" stamp and $20 bills in foreground.

Paycheck Protection Program Loans Still Available

$310 billion was made available in the second round of funding for the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), of which approximately $120B still remains available. If you haven’t applied yet, now is the time!

Organizations apply for PPP loans through a bank, not through the SBA. Find out what information you’ll need to provide to the bank here. You can apply through any institution that is participating in the program. We recommend that you start by contacting the bank that handles your business account.

PPP Loan Forgiveness Guidelines

SBA and the Department of Treasury released the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) Loan Forgiveness Application and instructions to inform borrowers how to apply for forgiveness of the PPP loans. Additional regulations and guidance to assist borrowers will be announced’ stay up to date with SBA.

OED is here to help!

OED continues to offer FREE assistance to small businesses and non-profits with their PPP loan and loan forgiveness applications and has bilingual interpretation. For information on the status of your EIDL or PPP loan, contact SBA Office of Disaster Assistance directly at 1-800-659-2955 (TTY: 1-800-877-8339) or email disastercustomerservice@sba.gov.

Private and Philanthropic Resources

Drawing of various images indicating caring.

FedEx #SupportSmall Grants

FedEx is offering #SupportSmall Grants for U.S. small businesses impacted by COVID-19. Recipients will get a cash grant of $5,000 plus a $500 FedEx Office credit. You will be able to apply on May 25 here.

Seattle Foundation COVID-19 Response Fund – Emergency Financial Assistance

The Seattle Foundation has launched funding availability within the COVID-19 Response Fund focused on providing grants to community-based organizations (CBOs) providing “emergency support and financial assistance to disproportionately impacted communities.” The application process closes Friday, May 29, 2020 at 5:00 p.m. Go here to learn more about eligibility and to apply.

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City of Seattle Partners with Communities Rise and Perkins Coie to Help Small Businesses and Nonprofits Impacted by COVID-19 Renegotiate Their Commercial Leases

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NEWS RELEASE FROM THE OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 
Contact:         Kelsey Nyland, Kelsey.Nyland@seattle.gov   

New COVID-19 Lease Amendment Toolkit and Legal Support Will Help Small Businesses, Nonprofits Explore Options, Including Renegotiating Leases with Their Landlord

Seattle (May 21, 2020) – The City of Seattle’s Office of Economic Development (OED) announced today it has partnered with Communities Rise and Perkins Coie to launch a new toolkit to help small businesses and nonprofit organizations impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic explore options for their commercial leases with a goal of remaining in their spaces. Building on the eviction moratorium for small businesses and nonprofits signed by Mayor Durkan, the new COVID-19 Lease Amendment Toolkit for small businesses and nonprofits provides a suite of tools – including template lease amendment language – to assist small businesses and nonprofits who are navigating the negotiation of their commercial leases with their landlords. The toolkit will also help small businesses and nonprofits understand the full range of policies in place to provide relief during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Small businesses and nonprofits that have 50 or fewer employees are also eligible for a free, 60-minute consultation with a legal professional to assist with any COVID-19 commercial lease-related questions.

“We must help small businesses and nonprofits remain afloat and in their spaces during this unprecedented, difficult time,” said Mayor Durkan. “Along with our work to provide immediate financial relief to small businesses, nonprofits, and their workers, partnerships with community organizations and experts like this one are essential to helping our communities weather this storm. I want to thank Communities Rise and Perkins Coie for their partnership and expertise. Ultimately, we must rely on the federal government to provide the kind of lasting and immense financial relief that our residents, small businesses, and nonprofits truly need.”

“Responding to the economic fallout of this pandemic requires collaboration and partnership of government and community,” said Bobby Lee, Director of the Office of Economic Development. “Our partnership with Communities Rise and Perkins Coie will help commercial tenants as they navigate their options to remain in the spaces that house their businesses and nonprofits.”

The information and resources provided in the toolkit will also help businesses and nonprofits assess the appropriate options available to them as it relates to their particular lease circumstances. For example, should a business receive a late rent notice during the moratorium, the toolkit provides sample legal documents and letters to landlords to communicate concerns and negotiate a rent payment plan.  Businesses can also make an appointment with the legal clinic to get one-on-one consultation with an attorney to get advice on how to work with their landlord in their situation.

“Small businesses in Seattle are experiencing devastating losses due to the COVID-19 shutdown, which is affecting their ability to pay rent on their commercial leases.  We are grateful for the City of Seattle Office of Economic Development and Perkins Coie for investing in The Lease Amendment Toolkit for small businesses,” said Communities Rise Executive Director, Jodi Nishioka. “Small businesses are experiencing a range of legal issues. The new COVID -19 Legal Clinic is helping us respond to the high volume of requests for legal support from small businesses.” 

“Perkins Coie is dedicated to its home city and the small businesses and nonprofits who drive Seattle’s economic vitality and help those most in need,” said Nathan Fahrer, a partner with Perkins Coie’s Real Estate & Land Use practice. “We fully support this important initiative by Mayor Durkan, the Office of Economic Development, and Communities Rise and will do all we can to help Seattle’s small businesses and nonprofits to rebound from the coronavirus pandemic.”

“What WE and many of our peers are facing in the small business community is the inability to pay rent during the shutdown and the foreseeable future when we are able to reopen. We understand our landlords have mortgage and loan payments that they are responsible for, however, many of us are running operations with slim margins, and very few small businesses have more than a month or two of cash as a buffer to cover our rent payments. I am optimistic that the COVID-19 Lease Amendment Toolkit can be useful in helping business owners better navigate our leases with our landlords to find creative solutions and preserve long-term partnerships,” said Jeff Ramsey, owner of Café Racer.

“My Communities Rise Covid-19 Legal Clinic attorney helped me to understand my legal options regarding renewing my lease and empowered me to ask for a reduction in rent. I was able to negotiate a 30 PERCENT reduction in my rent going forward. Had I not met with my attorney, I wouldn’t have known that I could do that!” said a Covid-19 Legal Clinic client in Seattle.

Since 2018, OED and Communities Rise (formerly Wayfind/Nonprofit Assistance Center) have partnered on several efforts to support small businesses, including a commercial lease workshop series. Due to rapid redevelopment in the Little Saigon neighborhood, the workshop series provided businesses with the education and resources needed to make informed decisions.

The City of Seattle and OED have continued and expanded their supports for small businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mayor Durkan, the City of Seattle, and OED have worked to implement a series of additional actions that support artists, nonprofits, small businesses, and workers, including: 

  • Deferring utility payments for customers impacted by COVID-19;
  • Implementing a temporary moratorium on residential, small business, and nonprofit evictions to provide relief for working people financially impacted by COVID-19; 
  • Creating temporary restaurant loading zones to facilitate curbside pickup at restaurants and retail establishments;
  • Launching the #SupportPugetSoundSmallBiz map, which helps residents find small businesses providing takeout or delivery in their neighborhood;
  • Announcing a small business relief package that included deferred business taxes and an expanded Small Business Stabilization Fund that provides $10,000 to small businesses financially impacted by COVID-19;
  • Providing technical and in-language assistance to small businesses to understand available financial resources, including loans and grants, and to complete application processes for aid;
  • Hosting weekly webinars to share updates and new developments, hear impacts COVID-19 is having on the business and independent worker community, and answer questions;
  • Creating a new Arts Recovery Package to provide immediate financial relief to artists and cultural organizations that have been impacted by COVID-19;
  • Providing 6,250 Seattle families and 1,800 workers with $800 in grocery vouchers;
  • Providing rent relief to tenants of City-owned facilities;
  • Opening emergency child care classrooms to help hundreds of kids of essential workers; and
  • Partnering with United Way of King County and King County to invest $5 million in rental assistance to help families stay in their homes.

OED has also created a comprehensive resource page for small businesses, nonprofits, and workers impacted by COVID-19. This page will be updated as more information becomes available.

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#SupportSeattleSmallBiz Spotlight: ‘Support the ID’ Virtual Community & Asian Pacific Islander Heritage Month

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Mural on Jade Garden | Photo Credit: Annie Tran  

Since 1977, the United States has observed May as Asian Pacific Islander (API) Heritage Month to celebrate the achievements and contributions of Asian and Pacific Islander communities. May was originally chosen to commemorate the immigration of the first Japanese individuals and families to the United States, and the anniversary of the completion of the transcontinental railroad. 

As our country observes Asian Pacific Islander (API) Heritage Month, this week’s #SupportSeattleSmallBiz Spotlight highlights a collective community effort  to support Asian and Pacific Islander businesses in Seattle’s Chinatown-International District (CID).  

View of the Chinatown-International District down King Street | Photo Credit: Sharon H Chang

The CID is a vital and unique part of the Seattle community, a place of rich cultural history, and a cultural and historic home for many Asian and Pacific Islander Americans. Across our region, it is known for its many incredible restaurants and other vibrant small businesses.  

Storefront in CID | Photo Credit: Sharon H Chang 

Earlier this year, as the COVID-19 pandemic began, xenophobia fueled fears that businesses  in the CID were no longer safe for patrons. Xenophobic fears and hysteria associated with Asian and Pacific Islander Americans are part of a legacy of racism and exclusion that has impacted Seattle’s CID. 

‘Support the ID – Community United’ Facebook Group Administrator | Sarah Baker 

Sarah Baker, born and raised in Seattle, social justice advocate, and program manager at Communities Rise, has close connections with the CID. Sarah grew up near the CID and her grandmother worked at the local Uwajimaya. As the impacts of the pandemic grew, so did her concern for the CID’s small businesses.  “If we physically can’t dine at the restaurants, what can we do?” She wondered, “how can we support businesses?”

On March 8, what originally began as a simple Facebook post on her personal account to promote businesses in the CID has grown into the “Support the ID – Community United” page.  

Teaming up with her friend Bill Tashima, along with another of their mutual friends, their collective efforts helped create an online community dedicated to supporting the businesses of the CID. Since its formation, the Facebook group has gained nearly 1,000 new members a day, and now has more than 19,000 members. 

“Support the ID – Community United” has become a virtual community for residents to share the many ways they are supporting local Asian and Pacific Islander businesses in the CID, and build a sense of connection during this era of physical distancing. Discussions range from where to get their favorite dim sum, strategies for supporting businesses impacted by vandalism and crime, to advocating against anti-Asian sentiment and model minority stereotypes.  

The community’s positive response has far surpassed Sarah’s expectations. Many businesses report overwhelming support from patrons. Not only can customers share their support for local businesses they care about, restaurants like Jade Garden, Purple Dot, and Rainier BBQ are now able to express their gratitude and communicate with customers more directly.

Food from Purple Dot Cafe | Photo Credit: Carol Xie

“To us, Purple Dot is a small piece of a greater puzzle: the Seattle International District’s Chinatown community. Our community is made of many small businesses who have been here for generations after generations; it is made up of the individuals and the families that have made the ID a part of their daily lives, and it is made up of the unwavering support and sense of community that we have been given, even before COVID-19 began,” says Carol Xie from Purple Dot Cafe. 

Xie explains, “During this time of hardship, while many of us are battling with the decision of whether or not we can pay the bills next month, we have each other, in this community, to rely on. We thank each and every one of you for your support, and even more so now. We are truly grateful for and humbled by the ID’s community in allowing us to keep our doors open each and everyday.” 

 “Support the ID – Community United” has reached users beyond Seattle, and has influenced communities in Renton and White Center to create similar support pages for local businesses. Businesses such as XCJ, a xiaolong bao company in Bellevue, have attributed the overwhelming community support they have received in part from this group—noting the page’s critical role in helping them keep their doors open.  

Beyond serving as an online community, Sarah asked, “how else can we harness this energy?”

The ‘Support the ID’ group raised beyond their GoFundMe goal|Photo Credit: ‘Support the ID – Community United’ Facebook Group 

Soon, she created a GoFundMe page to generate financial support for front-line health care workers in addition to small businesses. Funds raised have been used to purchase meals from small businesses in the CID, and then donated to front-line workers at nearby clinics and hospitals serving COVID-19 patients. Organizers hoped to raise at least $5,000, and the fundraising was so successful that they decided to cap it at $15,000 and contribute the additional funds to a local nonprofit. So far, over $16,000 has been raised. 

The additional funds are being reinvested in the community by supporting the organization Asian Referral and Counseling Service’s (ACRS), and their annual “Walk for Rice” fundraiser, which provides culturally familiar foods to local food banks for immigrants, refugees, elders, and families throughout King County.  

As the community has stepped in to help keep the doors of many businesses open, the City has continued to expand its programs designed to support businesses in the CID and address barriers they may face. 

The Office of Economic Development’s ‘Only in Seattle’ program works closely with community-based organizations in the CID. Partners like the Chinatown-International District Business Improvement Area (CIDBIA), Seattle Chinatown-International District Public Development Authority (SCIDpda), and Friends of Little Saigon (FLS) have helped connect businesses to resources such as the Small Business Stabilization Fund and access to in-language assistance with their Small Business Administration loans. Many of the CID’s restaurants are also included in the City’s #SupportPugetSoundSmallBiz map, which helps residents find small businesses providing takeout or delivery. 

SDOT’s food pick-up priority signage | Photo Credit: Annie Tran

Working with Mayor Durkan’s team, many other City departments are working to support the CID in the face of the unprecedented challenge of COVID-19. The Seattle Department of Transportation (SDOT) recently created new food pick-up zones outside restaurants throughout Seattle.

These zones have made it easier for customers to pick up takeaway orders in the CID and across Seattle, which have increased over the last several weeks. Starting this week, SDOT is adding 15-minute curbside pick-up zones to support retail businesses that are open for curbside delivery. Restaurant and retail business owners can request pick-up zones by contacting SDOT at 206-684-ROAD or e-mail 684-ROAD@seattle.gov. 

“Support the ID — Community United” is just one example of the many innovative ways community members have used technology and other resources to support small businesses, the backbone of our economy, in the face of the major impacts caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Sara explains that Seattleites can do their part to help businesses and organizations in the CID by “supporting ACRS’ Walk for Rice fundraiser and supporting InterimCDA,” which fund raises to purchase food for elders who are unable to leave their homes.

This May, we all have an opportunity to honor API Heritage month by continuing to learn about  the many contributions API individuals and communities have made to society, and by supporting local businesses in the CID, a place whose vibrant culture we must maintain, and a place whose small businesses we must help thrive into the future.

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